| Geophysics offers the possibility
of investigating large areas of land relatively quickly, identifying
specific targets for any further examination required. Its speed
and non-destructive nature makes geophysics a powerful tool
not only for the archaeologist but also the developer.
By utilising the services of the DVAS geophysical survey
team, any previously hidden archaeology can be pinpointed
and recorded before development so that any possible disruption
may be avoided. Archaeological digs can also benefit enormously
from the incorporation of a geophysics survey into the project.
The two main survey techniques are:
Resistivity survey - This works
by passing an electrical current through the ground and measuring
any difference in the resistance. Features are highlighted
as the electric current passes more easily through moist deposits
than through dry. Resistance survey is particularly suited
to the definition of buried archaeological remains that are
the result of past human actions that have altered the ability
of the deposits to hold moisture. The foundations of a stone
wall hold considerably less moisture than the organic-rich
fill of a ditch or pit. Consequently the resistance values
of a pit or ditch may be expected to be significantly lower
than those of a stone wall.
Magnetometry. - DVAS uses a Flux-gate
Gradiometer that utilises two sensors to measure external
magnetic fields. The upper sensor is positioned to detect
the earth's magnetic field while the lower sensor detects
the earth's magnetic field plus any other magnetic field resulting
from below the ground anomalies which may be identified as
features.
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